The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character.

• The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov.

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• The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula.

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• The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) of precipitation per year.

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• However, support for the second question would have restored the republic’s autonomous status within Ukraine.

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• There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role.

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• The Crimean mountains greatly influence the amount of precipitation present in the peninsula.

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Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are covered with greenery. This “riviera” stretches along the southeast coast from capes Fiolent and Aya, in the south, to Feodosia. There are many summer sea-bathing resorts such as Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, and Feodosia. The largest of them is Lake Sasyk (Сасык) on the southwest coast; others include Aqtas, Koyashskoye, Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe, and Donuzlav. Lake Syvash (Sıvaş or Сива́ш) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560 km2 (988 sq mi). The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula.

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• There are many summer sea-bathing resorts such as Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, and Feodosia.

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• When Ukraine became independent, Crimea remained a republic within the country, leading to tensions between Russia and Ukraine as the Black Sea Fleet was based on the peninsula.
• Along the southern coast, tourism is extremely important, with Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, and Alupka among the main centres.

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• When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea, it became an autonomous soviet republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

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• The mountains have a luxuriant and varied forest vegetation of oak, beech, hornbeam, maple, and other species, which give way to juniper and meadow grasses at higher elevations.

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• The plains usually receive 300 to 400 millimetres (11.8 to 15.7 in) of precipitation per year, increasing to 560 millimetres (22.0 in) in the southern coast at sea level.

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Crimean Mountains

Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50.0 °F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the far south (Yalta). The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240–260 days on the south coast. Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea, it became an autonomous soviet republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Crimea has strategic importance

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• Lake Syvash (Sıvaş or Сива́ш) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560 km2 (988 sq mi).

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• To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia.

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• The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character.
• The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR.
• This makes for significant seasonal fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer.

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• Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50.0 °F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the far south (Yalta).

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The third region is made up of the alpine fold mountains of the south, which form three chains parallel to the southern coast. This range drops steeply to the sea, where there is a narrow coastal plain broken by cliffs and headlands. The mountains have a luxuriant and varied forest vegetation of oak, beech, hornbeam, maple, and other species, which give way to juniper and meadow grasses at higher elevations.

Southern Coast

The Genoese–Mongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea. However, support Spinday for the second question would have restored the republic’s autonomous status within Ukraine. Aksyonov then said that he asserted sole control over Crimea’s security forces and appealed to Russia “for assistance in guaranteeing peace and calmness” on the peninsula. Three days later, several Ukrainian bases and navy ships in Crimea reported being intimidated by Russian forces and Ukrainian warships were also effectively blockaded in Sevastopol. The peninsula is connected on the northwest to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus, a 5-mile- (8-km-) wide strip of land that has been the site of numerous battles for the control of Crimea.

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This makes for significant seasonal fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. Besides the isthmus of Perekop, the peninsula is connected to the Kherson Oblast’s Henichesk Raion by bridges over the narrow Chonhar and Henichesk straits and over Kerch Strait to the Krasnodar Krai. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR.